sharp什么意思

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#英语思维#

#英语#

#奶酪#

【编者按】最近爱吃吐司抹切达酱，非常好吃，所以也忍不住做一篇这方面的文章。

【预备知识】切达（Cheddar ）奶酪，是一种质地较软、颜色从白色到浅黄色的奶酪，其口味随储藏时间长短会有所不同，有的微甜(9个月)、有的味道比较重(24个月)。切达奶酪很容易被融化，所以也可以作为调料使用。切达奶酪是一种原制奶酪，或称为天然奶酪。它是由原奶经过灭菌，发酵，凝结，成熟等一系列复杂的加工工艺做成的，再制奶酪，很多就是以切达奶酪作为原料制成的。

What is the "sharp" in sharp cheddar?【译】描述切达奶酪的“sharp”是指什么？【单词】sharp [shahrp][ʃɑːp] adj. 锋利的；辛辣的【单词】cheddar ['ched-er]['tʃedə] n. 干酪的一种

How are there various levels of "sharp"?【译】“sharp”又有多少个级别？

The term "sharp" tells you how long the cheese was aged.【译】术语“sharp”告诉你奶酪发（陈化）酵了多长时间。【单词】cheese [cheez][tʃiːz] n. 干酪；乳酪；奶酪 vt. 使停止

【单词】age [eyj][eɪdʒ] v. （使）变老；（使）陈化

Mild is 3 months, sharp is 9 months and extra sharp is more than 18 months.【译】“mild”（柔和的、清淡的）是3个月（发酵时间的奶酪），“sharp”（刺激的、较重口味的、略苦涩的）是9个月，“extra sharp”（特别刺激的、重口味的）是指超过18个月的。【单词】mild [mahyld][maɪld] adj. 温和的；柔和的；清淡的【单词】extra ['ek-struh]['ekstrə] adj. 额外的

As it ages, its texture also goes from smooth and creamy to crumbly by developing hard, salt-like crystals called calcium lactate.【译】随着发酵时间的增长，切达奶酪的质地也从光滑、乳脂状变为易碎，形成坚硬的盐状晶体，称为乳酸钙。【单词】texture ['teks-cher]['tekstʃə] n. 质地；手感；口感；组织；结构；纹理；特点 【单词】smooth [smooth][smuːð] adj. 光滑的；圆滑的；可口的【单词】creamy ['kree-mee]['kriːmi] adj. 含乳脂的；乳脂状的；奶油色的【单词】crumbly ['kruhm-blee]['krʌmbli] adj. 易碎的；脆的【单词】developing 原型：develop [dih-'vel-uh p][dɪ'veləp] v. 发展；发育【单词】crystals 原型：crystal ['kris-tl]['krɪstl] n. 水晶；结晶体【单词】calcium ['kal-see-uhm]['kælsiəm] n. 钙【单词】lactate ['lak-teyt][læk'teɪt] n. 乳酸盐

"Sharp" refers to the age of a cheddar, being roughly 6-9 months of age, while "extra-sharp" is about 1.5-2 years of age.【译】“Sharp”指的是切达干酪的制作时长，大约是6-9个月，而“extra-sharp”则是1.5-2年。【短语】refer to 参考，涉及，指的是，适用于；例句：For further details, please refer to page 426. 详情请看四百二十六页。【单词】roughly ['rʌfli] adv. 粗略地；大约；粗糙地

The sharpness of cheese is really a measure of the peptides in the cheese.【译】乳酪的“sharp”程度实际上是衡量乳酪中肽含量的一个标准。【单词】sharpness [shahrp][ʃɑːpnəs] 这里指口味浓烈度【单词】measure ['mezh-er]['meʒə] n. 措施；量度；尺寸；程度；办法【单词】peptides 原型：peptide ['pep-tahyd]['peptaɪd] n. 肽

Peptides are molecules that are formed when the cheese is aged.【译】肽是奶酪发酵时形成的分子。【单词】peptide ['pep-tahyd]['peptaɪd] n. 肽【单词】molecules 原型：molecule ['mol-uh-kyool]['mɒlɪkjuːl] n. 分子；微粒

These peptides have a particular sharp bitter umami flavor and the longer the cheese is aged the more of these peptides form.【译】这些肽有一种特别强烈的苦鲜味，奶酪陈化时间越长，形成的肽越多。【单词】bitter ['bit-er]['bɪtə] adj. 苦的；痛苦的；辛酸的；激烈的【单词】umami [oo-'mah-mee][uː'mɑːmi] n. 鲜味【单词】flavor ['fley-ver]['fleɪvə] n. 风味；特殊的滋味；风格

The sharpness in cheese is due to the aging process.【译】干酪的口味浓烈度是由于陈化过程造成的。【短语】due to 多数表示“由于；因为”。如：This accident was due to his careless driving．同时，due 与to 单配，还可以表示“付给某人”，如：Respect is due to older people.

As time goes on, enzymes that are added to the cheese (or found naturally in the milk) break down sugars into mild acids (short chain fatty acids) which have a more tangy taste.【译】随着时间的推移，添加到奶酪中的酶（或牛奶中天然存在的酶）会将糖分解成温和的酸（短链脂肪酸），这种酸的味道更浓郁。【单词】enzymes 原型：enzyme ['en-zahym]['enzaɪm] n. 酶【单词】naturally ['nach-er-uh-lee, -uhl-lee, 'nach-ruh-lee, -ruhl-lee]['nætʃrəli] adv. 自然地；天生地【单词】acids 原型：acid ['as-id]['æsɪd] n. 酸；酸性物质【单词】chain [cheyn][tʃeɪn] n. 链条；链；(一)连串【单词】fatty ['fat-ee]['fæti] adj. 脂肪的；含脂肪的；脂肪状的【单词】tangy ['tang-ee]['tæŋi] adj. 强烈的；扑鼻的；有刺激性的【单词】taste [teyst][teɪst] n. 味觉；味道

Over time, bacteria can convert these into even more interesting flavors.【译】随着时间的推移，细菌可以把这些转化成更有趣的味道。【短语】over time 随着时间的过去，久而久之，超时；例句：Over time, the service learns what you like to read and will personalize its news suggestions for you. 随着时间的推移，这项服务会了解到你喜欢阅读哪类内容，并为你提供个性化的新闻建议。【单词】bacteria 原型：bacterium [bak-'teer-ee-uhm][bæk'tɪəriəm] n. 细菌【单词】convert [kuh n-'vurt][kən'vɜːt] v. (使)转变；转化

Basically, by aging cheese you go from sweet, to tangy, and as the aging goes on the flavors can mellow or become more pronounced depending on the type of cheese.【译】基本上，通过陈化奶酪，你可以得到从甜，到浓烈的口味，随着陈化的进行，口味可以醇厚或变得更加明显，这取决于奶酪的类型。【用法】go from ... to ... 是“从某地到某地”的意思，有时候也引申为状态的变化，例如：Left to themselves , things tend to go from bad to worse. 听之任之的话, 事情一般不会向好的方向发展。【单词】Basically 原型：basically 副词 ['bey-sik-lee]['beɪsɪkli] adv. 基本上；主要地【单词】mellow ['mel-oh]['meləʊ] v. （使）变熟，（使）柔和【单词】pronounced 原型：pronounce [pruh-'nouns][prə'naʊns] pronounced在这里做形容词，是显著的，强烈的意思【单词】depending 原型：depend [dih-'pend][dɪ'pend] vi. 依赖；依靠；取决于

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) use lactose as fuel, with the end result being a production of ATP and lactic acid.【译】乳酸菌（LAB）利用乳糖作为燃料，最终产生ATP和乳酸。【单词】lactic ['lak-tik]['læktɪk] adj. 乳（汁）的；来自乳汁的【单词】lactose ['lak-tohs]['læktəʊs] n. 乳糖【单词】fuel ['fyoo-uhl]['fjuːəl] n. 燃料；刺激因素【单词】production [pruh-'duhk-shuhn][prə'dʌkʃn] n. 生产；产量；作品；成果；【专有名词】ATP ['ey-'tee-'pee][ˌeɪtiː'pi] abbr. 三磷酸腺苷（=adenosine triphosphate），是细胞能量的主要来源